83%
Jewish students experienced antisemitism since Oct 7
1,694
Campus incidents in USA (2024) — +84%
100+
University encampments globally
$400M
Columbia funding cancelled (Mar 2025)

Executive Summary

Across all 18 nations assessed under the JCSI 1.2 framework, campus climate scores represent some of the most alarming indicators of deteriorating Jewish security, with average scores of 18-38/100 placing most countries in the Critical to Concerning range.

Central Finding: Universities are responsible for the safety of all students and must be held accountable. There are successful methods to reduce the threat to Jewish students—when institutions choose to implement them.
1

The Campus Crisis

Since October 7, 2023, university campuses across the Western world have witnessed an unprecedented surge in antisemitic activity. What began as political protest has, in many cases, crossed into harassment, intimidation, and violence directed specifically at Jewish students.

The Scale of the Problem

Country Campus Score Key Data Point Trend
🇺🇸 USA 18/100 1,694 incidents; 40+ encampments; 65% feel unsafe ↓ Worsening
🇫🇷 France 20/100 91% experienced antisemitism; Sciences Po blockades ↓ Worsening
🇩🇪 Germany 23/100 284 school incidents; 15+ encampments; youth radicalization ↓ Worsening
🇨🇦 Canada 25/100 Major encampments McGill/UofT/UBC; 55%+ feel unsafe ↓ Worsening
🇬🇧 UK 27/100 145+ incidents; 20+ encampments; 55% feel unsafe ↓ Worsening
🇦🇺 Australia 27/100 320+ incidents; 12+ encampments; 60%+ feel unsafe ↓ Worsening
🇳🇱 Netherlands 35/100 Multiple university protests; Amsterdam incidents → Stable
🇩🇰 Denmark 38/100 Copenhagen University encampment May 2024 → Stable

Identity Concealment: The Invisible Crisis

Perhaps the most troubling indicator is the rate at which Jewish students feel compelled to hide their identity on campus:

🇺🇸 United States

34% actively hiding Jewish identity on campus. 65%+ report feeling unsafe. (AJC Campus Survey)

🇬🇧 United Kingdom

80% hide identity in some contexts. 55%+ feel unsafe. UJS membership up 2,000+ students. (UJS/CST)

🇦🇺 Australia

60%+ report feeling unsafe. Many avoiding campus entirely. (AUJS Survey)

🇫🇷 France

91% have experienced antisemitism. Only 8% report to faculty. (UEJF/IFOP)

2

Spotlight Research Perspective

Core Principle

University campuses are places for learning, for debate, and for exercising the opportunity to express strong opinions. They are not places for intimidation, violence, and dangerous rhetoric.

The Free Speech vs. Safety Framework

Universities must understand the difference between free speech and incitement, and clearly proscribe those forms of speech which are harmful to Jewish students.

Protected Speech

  • Criticism of Israeli government policies
  • Advocacy for Palestinian rights
  • Peaceful protest within time/place/manner restrictions
  • Academic discussion of Middle East conflict

Unprotected/Harmful Speech

  • Calls for "intifada" or violence against Jews
  • Denial of physical access to campus areas
  • "From the river to the sea" when used to intimidate
  • Direct harassment based on identity

Impartiality vs. Responsibility

Key Distinction

Impartiality is not the same as responsibility. It is possible for a university to be impartial in its treatment of all students' views and at the same time protect a group that is experiencing physical, mental, or communal trauma.

The role of the institution is to mitigate that trauma to zero. That is the basis of impartiality—that all students can come to the institution free of the fear of being attacked, verbally or physically or online, by fellow students or faculty.

"No student should need to choose between their faith and their education or feel unsafe expressing their identity."
— Union of Jewish Students (UK)
3

Country-by-Country Analysis

🇺🇸 United States

18/100
Campus Incidents (2024) 1,694 (+84%)
Encampments 40+ major
Under Investigation 60+ universities
Identity Hiding 34%
Key Action $400M Columbia penalty

🇬🇧 United Kingdom

27/100
Campus Incidents 145+ (2024)
Encampments 20+
YoY Increase +117%
Feel Unsafe 55%+
Key Response PM roundtable with VCs

🇦🇺 Australia

27/100
Campus Incidents 320+
Encampments 12+ major
Sydney Encampment 8 weeks
Feel Unsafe 60%+
Key Response Senate Inquiry

🇫🇷 France

20/100
Experienced Antisemitism 91%
Reported to Faculty Only 8%
Key Incident Sciences Po blockades
Physical Assault ~20%
Student Body UEJF 15,000 members

🇩🇪 Germany

23/100
School Incidents 284 (2024)
Encampments 15+
Youth Radicalization Half of foiled plots <18
Feel Unsafe 60%+
Key Challenge No centralized CSO

🇨🇦 Canada

25/100
Major Encampments McGill, UofT, UBC
Youth Investigations 1 in 10 CSIS involve minors
Feel Unsafe 55%+
Key Gap No central security org
Response CCSP funding
4

Key Issues Faced by Jewish Students

1. Encampments and Occupations

Beginning at Columbia University in April 2024, pro-Palestinian encampments spread globally. These encampments have been associated with:

2. Academic and Institutional Boycotts

BDS resolutions have proliferated, creating environments where Zionist identity is treated as disqualifying:

3. Faculty Conduct

Faculty members have contributed to hostile environments through:

4. What Exacerbates the Problem

Institutional Failures

  • Delayed Response: Universities that allowed encampments to persist signaled that intimidation would be tolerated
  • Inconsistent Enforcement: Codes of conduct applied selectively
  • Capitulation to Demands: Rewarding encampments with negotiations encourages repetition
  • Lack of IHRA Adoption: Without clear definitions, institutions struggle to identify incidents
  • External Actor Access: Failure to verify student status allows extremists onto campuses
5

Effective Mitigation Strategies

Government Enforcement: The US Model

The Trump administration has implemented the most aggressive government response to campus antisemitism:

January 29, 2025
Executive Order 14188 — Directed all federal agencies to identify tools to combat antisemitism and inventory pending complaints against universities
February 3, 2025
DOJ Task Force on Antisemitism — Multi-agency coordination established; announced visits to 10 university campuses
March 7, 2025
Columbia University Penalty — $400 million in federal grants cancelled—largest ever for Title VI violation
March 2025
60 Universities Under Investigation — OCR sent letters warning of potential enforcement action

Assessment

Financial penalties create immediate institutional incentives for compliance. The Columbia cancellation demonstrated that government is willing to use its leverage. However, First Amendment concerns require careful calibration to distinguish protected speech from actionable harassment.

University-Level Best Practices

1 Proactive Security Engagement

Model: Deakin University (Australia)

  • Pre-emptive meetings with Jewish student representatives
  • Campus patrol units positioned near Jewish events
  • Clear communication of red lines to protesters

2 Student ID Verification

Models: Monash, Melbourne, Deakin

  • Require identification at protests
  • Prevent non-student infiltration
  • Enable accountability for violations

3 Clear Protest Protocols

Model: CST UK Recommendations

  • Time, place, manner restrictions
  • Encampments not in central areas
  • External individuals restricted from student groups

4 Technology-Enabled Reporting

Model: SafeZone App

  • Real-time incident reporting
  • Direct connection to security
  • Pattern identification and tracking
6

Organizations Providing Good Models

Hillel International

USA/Global | 850+ campuses

  • Campus Climate Initiative (CCI): 75+ campuses in cohort programs
  • 24/7 Response: reportcampushate.org
  • CALL Legal Line: Free legal assistance
  • Administrator Training: Recognition & response
  • Security Upgrades: Physical infrastructure improvements

Community Security Trust

UK | World-leading model

  • Biennial Campus Reports: Data-driven advocacy
  • UJS Partnership: Coordinated response
  • Event Security Training: Safe event organization
  • Incident Documentation: Comprehensive tracking
  • Government Engagement: Policy influence

AMCHA Initiative

USA | Research & tracking

  • Campus Database: Comprehensive incident tracking
  • BDS Monitoring: Resolution tracking
  • Title VI Support: Federal complaint assistance
  • Research Reports: Trend analysis

National Student Bodies

Country-specific representation

  • UJS (UK): 9,000+ members; hotline support
  • AUJS (Australia/NZ): Government engagement
  • UEJF (France): 15,000 members; 30 local sections
  • AJC Campus (US): Research & advocacy

The ADL-Hillel-CoP-Federations Framework

In August 2025, leading Jewish organizations announced an updated framework of recommendations focusing on six key areas:

1. Enhanced Communication

Clear behavioral expectations and consistent enforcement of codes of conduct

2. Holistic Security

Address both physical and online harassment with updated policies

3. Faculty Accountability

Clear guidelines ensuring academic spaces remain free from coercion

4. Annual Climate Surveys

Measure incident frequency, community trust, and policy effectiveness

5. Independent Complaints

External advisers with specialist expertise

6. IHRA Adoption

Clear framework for identifying and addressing antisemitism

7

Recommendations

For University Administrators

  1. Adopt the IHRA Definition: Provides clear framework (as Harvard agreed in January 2025 settlement)
  2. Establish Clear Protest Protocols: Time, place, and manner restrictions applied equally
  3. Require ID Verification: Prevent external actors from infiltrating protests
  4. Create Independent Complaint Processes: External advisers with expertise
  5. Conduct Annual Climate Surveys: Measure not just incidents but trust and policy awareness
  6. Implement Mandatory Training: Train staff on identifying and responding to antisemitism
  7. Partner with Jewish Organizations: Join Hillel's CCI; engage with Jewish student leaders
  8. Address Faculty Conduct: Clear guidelines prohibiting coercion or discrimination

For Government

The Bottom Line

Universities are responsible for the safety of all students and need to be held accountable.

There are successful methods to reduce the threat to Jewish students—when institutions choose to implement them.

The evidence across 18 nations demonstrates that when universities fail to protect Jewish students, those students are forced to make an impossible choice between their education and their safety. The path forward requires sustained commitment from all stakeholders—universities, governments, and communities—working together to ensure that campuses remain places of learning, not intimidation.

Key to Success

Jewish students and organizations need to know that university leadership takes seriously the threat felt by Jewish students and is seen to act upon it. Visible, consistent, and accountable action is what builds trust and creates safety.