December 2025 country scores for Jewish safety.
Jewish Community Safety Index
18-Nation Comparative Assessment • Measuring Jewish Wellbeing & Security
Global Crisis in Jewish Safety
Only 1 of 18 nations achieves “Moderate Safety” — Poland (63). Five nations score “Critical” (below 40). This reflects a worldwide deterioration in Jewish community security since October 7, 2023.
🟢 Moderate Safety (60-79)
1 Country✓ Protective Factors
No mass casualties; minimal Islamist presence; IHRA president 2025; government strongly pro-Israel; extensive Holocaust education
✗ Vulnerabilities
History law controversies; restitution disputes unresolved; ICC compliance stance; baseline antisemitism (37% ADL)
Priority Recommendation: Resolve Holocaust restitution disputes to strengthen moral authority on Jewish protection and reduce community grievances.
🟠 Concerning (40-59)
12 Countries✓ Protective Factors
Milei: most pro-Israel leader globally; first Latin American antisemitism envoy; Hamas & Hezbollah designated; 60% pro-Israel public
✗ Vulnerabilities
AMIA/Embassy attacks unprosecuted (114 killed); active Hezbollah/IRGC presence; economic instability affecting security
Priority Recommendation: Pursue international pressure for AMIA justice — 30 years of impunity undermines rule of law and emboldens future attacks.
✓ Protective Factors
Strong Israel relations; historical Sephardic heritage recognition; relatively low incident counts; no mass casualties
✗ Vulnerabilities
No antisemitism envoy; no dedicated security funding; 2025 Boom Festival poison plot; media lists of Jewish businesspeople
Priority Recommendation: Appoint Special Envoy for Antisemitism and establish dedicated community security funding before incidents escalate.
✓ Protective Factors
500+ years integration; strong institutions (CONIB); evangelical pro-Israel caucus; low BDS support (23%); gun control
✗ Vulnerabilities
Lula Holocaust comparison; left IHRA (July 2025); joining ICJ genocide case; 961% incident surge post-Oct 7
Priority Recommendation: Reverse IHRA withdrawal and appoint antisemitism coordinator — government posture is normalizing hostility despite low societal antisemitism.
✓ Protective Factors
Holocaust denial criminalized; security funding growth; 2015 synagogue attack response; strong WWII rescue heritage
✗ Vulnerabilities
287% antisemitism increase since 2022; record incidents; youth radicalization concerns; small vulnerable community
Priority Recommendation: Focus on youth deradicalization programs — the 287% increase signals generational shift requiring educational intervention.
✓ Protective Factors
Hamas/Hezbollah banned (2024); CHF 6M security (12× increase from 2020); Holocaust denial law; Basel Zionist heritage
✗ Vulnerabilities
Zurich stabbing 2024 (worst in 20 years); no antisemitism envoy; cantonal fragmentation; gun accessibility
Priority Recommendation: Appoint federal antisemitism coordinator to overcome cantonal fragmentation and ensure consistent nationwide protection.
✓ Protective Factors
No fatal antisemitic attacks; strong gun control; low street-level violence; EU legal framework access
✗ Vulnerabilities
Israel closed embassy (Dec 2024); joined ICJ genocide case; no security funding; community in “terminal decline” (~2,700)
Priority Recommendation: Establish ANY dedicated Jewish security funding — Ireland is the only Western democracy with zero state protection for its Jewish community.
✓ Protective Factors
Holocaust laws (82/100); Federal Antisemitism Commissioner; RIAS reporting network; staatsräson commitment to Israel
✗ Vulnerabilities
8,627 incidents (“worst since Shoah”); Halle attack legacy; 76% hiding identity; AfD rise; youth radicalization
Priority Recommendation: Establish centralized CST-equivalent security body — Germany’s fragmented Länder system leaves protection inconsistent.
✓ Protective Factors
CST world-leading model; £72M+ funding through 2028; gun control (99/100); low baseline antisemitism (8% ADL)
✗ Vulnerabilities
Manchester attack (2 killed); 5,583 incidents; 58% hiding identity; only 34% see future in UK; campus crisis
Priority Recommendation: Address campus crisis urgently — 55%+ students feel unsafe. Strong laws mean nothing if young Jews flee universities.
✓ Protective Factors
Holocaust denial law (2022); lowest ADL antisemitism (8%); strong gun control; vibrant community institutions
✗ Vulnerabilities
5,762 incidents (+54%); no centralized CSO; 450+ Hamas operatives documented; no monthly hate crime data; campus encampments
Priority Recommendation: Establish centralized Jewish security organization modeled on UK CST — Canada is the only major diaspora without one.
✓ Protective Factors
Gun control (94/100); $90M+ emergency investment; CSG security body; strong counter-terrorism capabilities
✗ Vulnerabilities
Bondi attack (16 killed); IRGC-directed attacks confirmed; 1,688 incidents (+326%); Adass Israel synagogue arson
Priority Recommendation: Counter IRGC operations with enhanced intelligence and diplomatic pressure on Iran — state-sponsored attacks are unprecedented.
✓ Protective Factors
Gayssot Law (Holocaust denial); Op. Sentinelle military protection; SPCJ security body; strong legal framework
✗ Vulnerabilities
52% considering emigration; 37% baseline antisemitism; 1,670 school incidents (worst globally); Islamist terror history
Priority Recommendation: Address school safety crisis immediately — 1,670 incidents in educational settings is driving Jewish exodus from France.
🔴 Critical (0-39)
5 Countries✓ Protective Factors
$454.5M federal funding; SCN security network; strong counter-terrorism; vibrant 7.5M community; First Amendment protections
✗ Vulnerabilities
2nd Amendment mass shooting risk; 10,015 incidents (+200%); Tree of Life legacy; campus crisis (22/100); political polarization
Priority Recommendation: Maximize NSGP funding and enforce Title VI on campuses — gun control politically impossible, so harden targets and protect students.
✓ Protective Factors
Strong legal framework (70/100); NCAB coordinator active; security funding increased post-Amsterdam attack
✗ Vulnerabilities
Amsterdam pogrom (Nov 2024); “intifada capital” of Europe; football stadium antisemitism endemic; 15% support intifada
Priority Recommendation: Enforce football match-stopping protocols and prosecute Amsterdam attackers visibly — impunity after the pogrom signals tolerance.
✓ Protective Factors
Abraham Accords partner; Ministry of Tolerance; state-enforced hate speech ban; Abrahamic Family House; government protection
✗ Vulnerabilities
80% population antisemitism; Rabbi Kogan murder (Nov 2024); Jews advised to hide identity post-Oct 7; no citizenship path
Priority Recommendation: Address state-society gap through educational reform — government tolerance means nothing if 80% of population holds antisemitic views.
✓ Protective Factors
Jewish state with maximum legal protection; IDF and Iron Dome; highest community confidence; Abraham Accords progress
✗ Vulnerabilities
October 7 (1,189 killed); multi-front war; 16,100+ rockets in 2024; Iranian nuclear threat; 70,000+ displaced; ICJ/ICC cases
Priority Recommendation: International community must address Iranian nuclear program — existential threat to the world’s largest Jewish population.
✓ Protective Factors
Limited street-level violence; Ellwanger legal precedent; general population less actively hostile; community self-organization
✗ Vulnerabilities
ICJ genocide case against Israel; Hamas ties (MOU); “I am Hamas” MJC declaration; embassy closed; 60% population loss since 1970
Priority Recommendation: International pressure on ANC government to sever Hamas ties — state-level hostility is unprecedented among democracies.
✓ Protective Factors
Historical Putin-Jewish community relationship; Chief Rabbi access; Chabad infrastructure; some state protection when convenient
✗ Vulnerabilities
Dagestan airport pogrom (Oct 2023); 62% ADL antisemitism; state propaganda; Kharkiv mob attack; no IHRA; war destabilization
Priority Recommendation: Support emigration pathways — Jewish safety in Russia depends entirely on autocratic whim, making it fundamentally unstable.
📊 About This Assessment
The Jewish Community Safety Index measures factors affecting Jewish safety and wellbeing — not just statistical incidents. The framework recognizes that how Jews feel in their daily lives matters as much as objective threat data. Community voice receives the highest weighting because Jewish self-reporting is primary, not supplementary, data.